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Sea pistachio, which is also known as "selle bean" and "o bakleh", is one of the different types of Iranian Pistachio pistachios that can be found in the north of the country and in the lotus wetlands. The name of this pistachio is such that when everyone hears it, the question quickly arises that do we also have blue or sea pistachios? Sea pistachio or swamp pistachio is actually the seed of lotus flower that is consumed raw or dried and roasted and has a very tasty and delicious taste and everyone who has eaten this pistachio has defined its unique taste.

 

The lotus is one of the most beautiful flowers in the world, which has a high status in many cultures and has its own meaning in each culture. But one of the most well-known meanings of the lotus is the life of the sun, and the lotus flower is considered a symbol of perfection. This perfection also refers to being circular and the complete circular shape of the flower. In Chinese culture, because the lotus rises from the dirty water of the lagoon but is not dirty, it is also known as a symbol of decency.

 

In the following, we will get acquainted with the nutritional value table of seafood and some of the most important properties and harms of seafood that you need to know.

Pistachio is a plant with two bases, male and female flowers Iranian Pistachio in clusters and laterally

 

They appear on annual branches (pistachio flowers without petals and tubers

 

Are nectar-producing and pollinated by wind. Although 92

 

The percentage of flowers in the inflorescence is lateral, but only 5% of them are fruit

 

These fruits become more adjacent to the tips of the lateral branches

 

they take. In contrast, only 8% of the flowers are end point (cluster end and end)

 

Occupy clusters, but 66% of them turn into fruit.

 

Therefore, the percentage of fruit set at the end of the inflorescence is higher and towards

 

The middle and base parts are reduced. Of all the flowers in the inflorescence

 

Only about 10% of them turn into fruit. Article figures from

 

In terms of flowering time are divided into three categories:

 

1. Early flowering cultivars: Koleghoochi, Mumtaz, Nogh pistachio white

 

2. Medium flower cultivars: Ahmad Aghaei, Ouhadi, Badami Zarand

 

3. Deir Gol cultivars: Akbari, Shah Pasand, Khanjari Damghan

 

The choice of pollinator should be such that its flowering peak on the second to third day

 

Flowering is a female variety. Pistachio ovaries are pollinated when the flowers open

 

Are not immature. In one study, most female flowers bloomed all day

 

Or they had reached maturity one day after all the flowers had been pollinated.

 

Flowers that were pollinated two days after flowering, only 25% of them

 

They had fertility. Flowers that are pollinated 3 days after flowering

 

Were, had little fruit and so did the flowers that 4 days after

 

Flowering, pollinated, had the least fruiting. So

 

The highest percentage of fruiting was obtained in flowers during the first two days

 

After flowering, they were pollinated. In non-pollinated flowers more than 50

 

The percentage of female flowers was incomplete. Pollen time was familiar with the operation

 

With pistachio seedlings, female flowers are important and determined after the opening of the first flowers

 

Is the quantity of the product. Production of hollow half-brain fruits of characterization

 

There are several species of pistachios. In Kerman cultivar, all fruits were pollinated

 

About 24.5% are aborted due to abortion and 3.2% are abnormal due to abortion

 

It is parthenocarpy. Although the effect of carbohydrates on the fruiting of pistachios and in

 

The result is confirmed on the amount of product, statistically significant difference between

 

The percentage of fruit formation in fertile and low-yield years has not been reported. That"s this year

 

1975 percent declared the Kerman cultivar to be 26 percent, but stated that the percentage

 

Void varies from 23 to 100% depending on the figure.

 

Production of flower buds on the growing branches of the current season and flowering and formation

 

The fruit is on annual branches. In other words, floral and exclusive

 

Flowering buds occur in the year before flowering. Inflorescence formation in

 

Leaf axis and flower primordium formation for next year"s crop in mid-year

 

It takes place from April to early May.

 

Flower buds are larger than vegetative buds and their tips are curved

 

There are more that are easily recognizable under normal circumstances.

The cooling requirement of Iranian pistachio cultivars is Iranian Pistachio about 1200-600 hours. No

 

Providing cooling needs of pistachio trees causes delay in flowering, irregular flowering,

 

Reduce the number of leaflets, produce simple and abnormal leaves and flower zinc

 

The growth branches of the current season are lateral and lateral. Pistachio is the same

 

Other deciduous trees require a certain minimum of cold to develop buds

 

For 1000 hours at a temperature of less than 7 degrees Celsius during the sleep period

 

It is winter. Akbari and Cherokee cultivars need colder than other pistachio cultivars

 

It has more than 1000 hours. In the winter of 1993 due to relative warmth

 

The weather reduced the need for cooling, familiarity with the operation, and some pistachio crops

 

Pistachio cultivars, including Akbari cultivar, were not supplied throughout the country and caused a decrease

 

The performance was over. For example, accumulated cold based on meteorological data

 

Rafsanjan until February 6, 1994 based on the calculation of the Utah method 624 hours and

 

The method from zero to 7 degrees Celsius was 625 hours as predicted

 

By the end of that year, 800 hours of cold will be provided. But for Akbari figure this

 

The need for cooling is not enough and this need will be met by the methods described

 

, To be eliminated. One of the methods to meet the cooling needs of Akbari cultivars

 

Pistachio is the use of volk oil. Due to temperature fluctuations in the use of oil

 

Volk is recommended as follows:

 

Soil and fresh water: Akbari cultivar 40 per thousand and other cultivars in the proportion of 30 per thousand

 

Soil and saline water: Akbari cultivar 50 per thousand and other cultivars 40 per thousand

 

Soil and saline EC is above 12. Due to the importance of Volk oil in the removal

 

To meet the cooling needs of pistachio trees, it is necessary to provide points in this regard:

 

First point: these materials are emulsifiable oils, Volk 92, Supravilo and…

 

They are famous. In fact, substances from the group of aliphatic hydrocarbons are from

 

Paraffin oils are made with petroleum derivatives.

Micro-irrigation systems are able to provide irrigation water Iranian Pistachio to the plant with full efficiency

 

Provided they are properly operated and managed.

 

One of the characteristics of micro-irrigation systems is that they are able to supply water with

 

Spread a high uniformity in each position, so that the whole farm the amount of water

 

Receive the same. But due to pressure differences in the system as well as non

 

Uniformity of dripper construction, even new irrigation systems is possible

 

They can not distribute water evenly. In a system that is precisely designed

 

Can be used using pressure regulating valves in the main pipes,

 

Main half and drain pipes or use pressure relief drippers,

 

Changes in pressure and thus changes in the amount of water leaving the emitters

 

Minimized. Also a well-designed system can sometimes with

 

Work with high uniformity that is properly maintained. The main reason for the lack

 

Uniformity of water distribution in micro-irrigation systems, blockage of drippers in

 

The effect of suspended particles is organic matter and sediment of lime and iron. Biological clogging in

 

Effect of bacterial sludge, algae present in irrigation water or on its own

 

The system grows, is created. Biological clogging is usually during

 

The use of surface water occurs. This type of clogging when used

 

Most of the groundwater is related to iron bacterial sludge. the operation

 

Maintenance Familiarity with the practice of cutting and holding with pistachio 71 for a minimum

 

Biological clogging problems, including chlorine injection and good water purification

 

is. In the case of severe biological clogging, chlorine should be injected until the concentration

 

It should reach 2 to PPm 5 mg / l at the end of the drain pipe. the door

 

When the severity of the biological contamination is lower, periodic chlorination with a concentration of 2 ml

 

Gram per liter is enough every few weeks.

 

Risk of clogging due to chemical deposition Chemical clogging is often tested

 

And the decomposition of irrigation water is predictable. For example, irrigation water with a higher pH

 

7.5 and bicarbonate of 2 mC / L meq / l or higher risk

 

Increase calcium carbonate deposition. Water with an amount of iron 0.5-1 mg

 

Droppers are at risk of clogging due to iron deposition. Lowering Ph

 

Water at 7 and less by injecting acid into the system from calcium carbonate precipitate

 

prevents. To solve the problem of iron deposition, usually water in tanks

 

Aerate to allow sediment to form and settle before entering the system.

 

Management advice to reduce the effect of soil and water salinity is one of the largest

 

The problems in the pistachio growing areas of the country are the salinity of water and soil.

 

Therefore, in order to make the best use of these resources, it is necessary to observe some technical recommendations

 

To minimize the harmful effects of this salinity:

 

1. Planting crops such as barley in pristine lands with regular and frequent irrigation

 

Shortly before the construction of the garden

2. If planting pistachios in saline or saline and alkaline lands is considered, seedlings

 

Should be grown on the floor and not in hot water. In other words instead

 

Sufficient volume (seedlings should be planted perfectly on the center line of this strip

 

Mature trees also become more familiar with the operation if they are familiar with saline water and soil

 

It should be made with pistachios

 

He refused next to the tree trunk.

 

3- Providing the need for washing through heavy irrigation before constructing the garden,

 

To reduce soil salinity and give excess water to the need to irrigate the pistachio tree along

 

Growth season.

 

4- Using suitable salinity resistant seedlings for planting in saline lands

 

5. Perform winter irrigation from late autumn to mid-winter, ie when

 

The tree is in the dormant stage.

 

6- Maintaining the available water of the plant in the soil at a high level by applying irrigation periods

 

short term.

Use of surface, subsurface and micro-drip irrigation systems The gardens were Iranian Pistachio familiar with the practice and had a growing number of pistachio pistachios Is. These systems wet only part of the soil surface. Generally surface Optimal wetting is recommended for about 40 to 60% of the garden surface. Advantages of irrigation suction system over other systems: 1- They provide higher water distribution uniformity than other systems. 2- They provide excellent control over the amount and time of irrigation. Irrigation courses Very short daily irrigation with drip irrigation system can be adapted Water needs of trees to be used. Surface runoff and deep infiltration due to the application of values Low water volume is also minimized during irrigation. Due to the short irrigation cycle in This system creates very good soil moisture conditions 3- Irregular lands can be easily irrigated. 4_ Weed growth because only part of the surface is wet At least it arrives. Disadvantages of micro-irrigation systems: 1- The initial cost of running the system is high 2 - The need for careful management in system maintenance to prevent droplet clogging Emitters are caused by physical particles, organic matter or chemical deposits. Because the water in the system is under pressure, it requires a lot of energy. Of course The required pressure is usually less than sprinkler systems, but compared to Flood irrigation systems require more energy.