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Pistachio is a desert plant and is very Iranian Pistachio resistant to saline soil. It has been reported to grow well when irrigated with water containing 3,000 ppm to 4,000 ppm soluble salt. Pistachio trees are relatively hardy under suitable conditions and can survive at different temperatures between 10 degrees Celsius in winter and 48 degrees Celsius in summer. Pistachios need sun and well-drained soil. Pistachio trees perform poorly in conditions with high humidity, and if they receive a lot of water and the soil does not have enough water to absorb them, they are prone to root rot in winter. Long, hot summers are needed for the fruit to ripen properly.

 

Characteristics of pistachio tree

Pistachio tree grows up to 10 meters in height. It has 10 to 20 cm long leaves that fall in winter. These trees have different male and female types. The flowers are unisexual and grow in clusters. A male pistachio tree should be planted among a number of female pistachio trees.

 

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Its fruit, like a grape tree, contains an elongated seed, which is the edible part of pistachio. This seed is considered as a nut. Pistachio fruit has a hard, creamy outer skin. This seed has a fleshy skin of purple and light green color and has a special taste. As the fruit ripens in the fall, its skin changes from green to yellow or red, and its hard skin suddenly opens up somewhat. This sudden opening, known in English as dehiscence, is accompanied by an audible sound. Commercial pistachio cultivars differ in their natural opening rate.

 

Cultivation of pistachio tree

The pistachio tree has a long life, probably up to 300 years! The trees are planted in the garden and it takes about seven to ten years to reach significant production. Pistachios bear fruit annually or every other year, and naturally the amount of crop is heavier every year. Pistachios reach their highest yield at the age of 20. One male tree produces enough pollen for eight to twelve female trees. Harvesting in Iran is done manually, but in the United States and Greece it is often done using equipment to shake tree branches. Harvesting pistachios by hand has a special advantage, which is that in this case you can pick pistachios that have not yet fully ripened. This pistachio has a very attractive green kernel that, according to Mr. Jalalpour, the former head of the Chamber of Commerce, is unparalleled in the world.

 

After the fleshy skin of the pistachios is removed from them, the pistachios are classified on the basis of open mouth and closed mouth. They are then processed by special machines.

 

It is interesting to know that in California, almost all female pistachio trees are of the Kerman pistachio type that are grafted on annual seedlings.