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Consumption of nitrogen fertilizers for pistachio Iranian Pistachio orchards

Due to the salinity of water and soil in pistachio-rich areas, the type of chemical fertilizers used should be to moderate the adverse effects of salinity and toxicity of sodium and chlorine ions. Among nitrogen fertilizers, urea, despite 46% nitrogen, is not suitable for soils of pistachio-rich areas, which also have high lime. This is because the fertilizer decomposes in an alkaline environment and evaporates as ammonia, and the remaining bicarbonate ions also cause yellowing of trees and a lack of other nutrients.

 

 

 

Nitrogen fertilizers

 

 

 

On the other hand, in order to be absorbed, the dependence of this fertilizer on soil microbiological population is high because it must be hydrolyzed by urease bacteria and then converted to nitrite by nitrifiers and finally to nitrate (plant absorbable). It absorbs its need in the form of nitrate and a small part in the form of ammonium) and due to the possible low population of microorganisms in saline soils, the nitrogen uptake efficiency of this fertilizer is very low.

 

The best nitrogen-containing fertilizers that are also acidic and can be used for pistachio growing areas are ammonium nitrate with 33% nitrogen and ammonium sulfate with 21% nitrogen. Considering that 50% of nitrogen is ammonium nitrate fertilizer in the form of nitrate, its consumption is suitable in all soils and especially in heavy soils (but preferably twice). Because 50% of this fertilizer is ready to be absorbed and only 50% of it depends on the microbiological population of the soil for absorption, on the other hand, the nitrate in the fertilizer can prevent chlorine absorption to some extent and reduce the effects of salinity.